Which condition is characterized by white spots on the nails?

Leukonychia is the condition characterized by white spots or discoloration on the nails. It often results from minor trauma to the nail matrix, which leads to the formation of these white marks on the nail plate as it grows out. The spots can be seen as small white dots or larger areas of white, depending on the severity and location of the trauma.

This condition is generally harmless and may improve over time as the nail grows out. Understanding leukonychia is important for nail technicians to differentiate it from other nail conditions that may require different approaches or precautions in nail care.

The other conditions listed, while they can affect the nails or surrounding areas, do not specifically manifest as white spots on the nails. For example, athlete's foot is a fungal infection affecting the skin, primarily between the toes, and does not create spots on the nails. Nail psoriasis involves changes to the nail, such as pitting and ridges, rather than white spots. Onychomycosis refers to a fungal infection of the nails, which usually results in discoloration and thickening, rather than isolated white spots.